YOSHINO

Where the Landscape Inspires the Lines

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This project is a master’s capstone submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Digital Humanities (DH) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York. The project addresses the dual challenges of teaching foreign literature in a digital environment and responding to the anglophone-centric approaches in DH by centering on Yoshino ki 吉野記 (A Record of Yoshino), a mid-17th century Japanese manuscript authored by courtier and poet Asukai Masaaki 飛鳥井雅章 (1611–1679). Yoshino ki is a lavishly crafted poetic travelogue depicting Asukai Masaaki’s journey to renowned sites in what is now Western Japan, and it exists in multiple versions. This project presented a digital journey through three versions of Yoshino ki: those housed at the University of British Columbia (UBC version), Tokyo Gakugei University Library (Gakugei version), and the Miyagi Prefectural Library (Miyagi version).

By developing tailored educational videos, annotation tools, and Python tutorials, this project provides hands-on and practical resources for engaging with Yoshino ki and exploring premodern Japanese poetry and writing. By addressing the academic and research needs of a diverse group of scholars and students, the project not only enhances accessibility to these invaluable cultural materials but also advocates for a multilingual approach that challenges existing epistemic asymmetries in DH. Please contact Miaoling, the developer, if you have questions.

The multiple versions of Yoshino ki were produced during the Edo period (1603–1868) and vary in size. Nearly all extant versions are classified as shahon 写本 (manuscript). The distinction between kan (刊) and sha (写) refers to differentiating books as either hanpon (版本)—printed works produced through techniques such as movable type using lead, wood, ceramic, or copper, or woodblock printing—or shahon, which are books meticulously handwritten by brush. This project uses high-resolution digital scans of multiple versions of Yoshino ki for research purposes, in compliance with the sharing guidelines of their hosting institutions or the Creative Commons licenses.

This work has been referenced under various titles across time, reflecting diverse ways it has been remembered and recorded. Some of the notable titles include: 芳野紀行 (よしのきこう, Yoshino kikō), 吉野記 (よしのき, Yoshino ki), 芳野記 (よしのき, Yoshino ki) , 吉野紀行 (よしのきこう, Yoshino kikō) , 芳野山紀行 (よしのやまきこう, Yoshinoyama kikō) , and 芳野乃記 (よしののき, Yoshino no ki). In this project, except when comparing versions, I use Yoshino ki as a unified reference title to encompass the various names under which this work has appeared throughout its history.

Flip through the images for a quick glimpse
into the various versions of Yoshino ki.

Yoshino Slide

The Yoshino ki housed in the University of British Columbia Rare Books and Speical Collections

Yoshinoki3 Slide

The Yoshino ki housed in the Mochizuki Bunko (望月文庫) collection at the Tokyo Gakugei University Library

Miyagi Slide

The Yoshino ki housed at the Miyagi Prefectural Library

Digitize Slide

The TTI scan system for the digitization of Yoshino ki , the UBC version

Dino Capture Slide

This Dino-Lite microscope image highlights the texture, brushwork, and paper fibers of the UBC Yoshino ki manuscript

Modern Map

Masaaki’s journey to Yoshino, estimated to have occurred in the spring of 1654, reflects a deep connection to the region’s cultural and natural significance. The Yoshino area, renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and historical associations, has been a source of inspiration for poets, travelers, and scholars for centuries. Nestled in Nara Prefecture, Yoshino is particularly famous for its cherry blossoms, temples, and its role in Japanese history as a cultural center. I have highlighted notable places of interest in the Yoshino area featured in Yoshino ki.

Click and hold to wipe away the upper layer
and reveal the modern map

The upper layer is from the Washū Yoshinoyama Shōkeizu 和州吉野山勝景図 (Panorama of Mt. Yoshino in Yamato Province)
Dated 1713, by Japanese philosopher, travel writer, and botanist 貝原益軒 Kaibara Ekiken (1630–1714)

Kaibara Atsunobu (Kaibara Ekiken). Washū Yoshinoyama Shōkeizu. Ryūshiken Ibaraki Nobukiyo. Shōtoku 3 (1713). National Diet Library Digital Collections. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/128696